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BASC’s latest report documents a marked escalation in enforced disappearances, extrajudicial killings and political repression in Balochistan during the first half of 2025. The findings link this rise in human rights violations to new legislation that expands federal control over the province’s mineral and rare-earth resources, alongside intensified crackdowns on human rights activism.
The report identifies members of the Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC), their families, and an alarming number of teenagers among those disproportionately targeted. The research shows that state security measures and resource extraction policies are increasingly intersecting, shaping both governance and everyday life in the province.
Key Themes
Resource Control and Political Power
The passage of the Mines and Minerals Act, 2025 centralised authority over Balochistan’s mineral resources at the federal level.
Repression of Civil and Human Rights Advocacy
BYC leaders and activists were detained under expanded security and anti-terror legislation, including the Anti-Terrorism (Balochistan Amendment) Act, 2025.
State Narrative of “Fitna-ul-Hindustan”
The federal government issued a directive labelling Baloch human rights advocacy and calls for self-determination as “Fitna-ul-Hindustan”. This stigmatisation has been used to justify increased surveillance, arrests, and the suppression of lawful political expression.
Escalation in Enforced Disappearances and Killings
The period saw a documented rise in both short- and long-term disappearances, alongside multiple verified cases of extrajudicial killings.
Targeting of Youth and Students
The enforced disappearance of teenagers emerged as a critical trend, with several cases resulting in killings and many others remaining unresolved.