In 2025, BASC documented 1,395 cases of enforced disappearance in Balochistan. Of these victims, 70.2% remained disappeared at the end of the reporting period, while 29.8% were subsequently released.
District Kech recorded the highest number of cases (381), followed by Awaran (139). Students and labourers were disproportionately affected, with students accounting for 57% of victims whose occupations were identified, while the number of women and school-aged children subjected to enforced disappearance also continued to increase.
The report finds that Pakistan’s security agencies, including the Frontier Corps (FC), the Counter-Terrorism Department (CTD), and state-backed armed groups, continued to play a central role in enforced disappearances, torture, and extrajudicial killings. These violations appear to form part of a broader pattern of repression aimed at suppressing Baloch political activism, human rights advocacy, and demands for the right to self-determination.
The findings further suggest that reliance on loosely regulated intelligence operations, collective punishment, and the Anti-Terrorism (Balochistan Amendment) Act, 2025 has facilitated arbitrary detention and prolonged incommunicado detention without due process, reinforcing impunity for perpetrators. Short-term disappearances appear primarily intended to intimidate individuals and communities, whereas prolonged disappearances are associated with torture, secret detention, and attempts to dismantle perceived support for the Baloch national movement.
In addition, 194 extrajudicial killings were documented during 2025. Overall, the evidence indicates a systematic pattern of serious human rights violations against the Baloch population, underscoring the urgent need for accountability and for Pakistan to align its laws and practices with its international human rights obligations.
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